Understanding Sodium (Na)

Sodium (Na) is a key biomarker in blood tests that sodium is an essential electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions.

What is Sodium?

Sodium is an essential electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions.

Normal Range

The normal Sodium range is between 135.0 and 145.0 mmol/L.

High Sodium Levels (Above 145.0 mmol/L)

Causes of High Sodium

High sodium (hypernatremia) is often caused by dehydration, excessive salt intake, certain medications, or kidney dysfunction. It can lead to increased thirst, confusion, and muscle weakness. To lower sodium, increasing water intake, reducing processed and salty foods, and treating underlying kidney issues can help restore balance.

Health Effects of High Sodium

Hypernatremia can cause dehydration, high blood pressure, kidney damage, and neurological symptoms. Severe cases can lead to seizures, coma, or death if untreated.

Low Sodium Levels (Below 135.0 mmol/L)

Causes of Low Sodium

Low sodium (hyponatremia) can be caused by excessive water intake, kidney disease, diuretics, adrenal insufficiency, or certain medications. It is common in conditions like heart failure and liver disease, where fluid retention occurs. To increase sodium levels, reducing excessive water intake, correcting underlying medical conditions, and consuming sodium-rich foods (e.g., broth, salted nuts, cheese) can help.

Health Effects of Low Sodium

Hyponatremia can lead to confusion, headaches, nausea, seizures, and coma if severe. Chronic low sodium levels can affect cognitive function and increase the risk of falls in older adults.

Treatment and Management

For High Sodium

• Medical evaluation to determine the underlying cause
• Lifestyle modifications as recommended by your healthcare provider
• Regular monitoring of Sodium levels
• Follow-up testing as needed

For Low Sodium

• Medical evaluation to identify the root cause
• Appropriate supplementation if recommended
• Dietary changes as advised
• Regular monitoring and follow-up

When to See a Doctor

Consult your healthcare provider if:

• Your Sodium levels are consistently outside the normal range
• You experience symptoms associated with abnormal Sodium levels
• You have risk factors for conditions affecting Sodium levels
• You’re taking medications that may affect Sodium levels

Prevention

• Regular health check-ups
• Balanced diet
• Regular exercise
• Stress management
• Adequate sleep
• Avoiding known triggers

Additional Information

For more detailed information about managing your Sodium levels, consult with your healthcare provider or visit reputable medical websites.